🩸 GI Bleeding Quiz: Upper vs Lower
This quiz is designed for medical students to test their understanding of gastrointestinal bleeding. Each case-based question reinforces key clinical features, bleeding sources, and early investigations, with a focus on anatomy and pathophysiology.
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a common and potentially serious problem in medicine. Some cases involve chronic, slow blood loss, leading to anaemia, while others can result in massive haemorrhage, requiring urgent intervention.
To effectively manage GI bleeding, doctors need to identify the source, which falls into two broad categories:
Recognising whether the bleeding is from the upper or lower part of the digestive tract is critical for choosing the right treatment.
🧠 Lymphoma Quiz: Pathophysiology and Clinical Features
This quiz is designed to help medical students consolidate their knowledge of lymphoma subtypes, clinical presentations, and diagnostic clues. Test your understanding of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas through five case-based questions.
Lymphoma is a malignancy of lymphoid tissue, encompassing a diverse group of blood cancers originating in B cells, T cells, or (rarely) natural killer (NK) cells. Though primarily arising within lymph nodes, lymphomas can also involve the spleen, liver, bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, or skin.
🧬 Leukaemia Quiz: Pathophysiology and Clinical Patterns
Test your understanding of leukaemia subtypes, diagnostic markers, and disease progression. This quiz features five case-based questions focused on acute and chronic leukaemias, suitable for second-year medical students learning about haematological malignancy.
Leukaemia refers to a group of blood cancers arising from abnormal proliferation of white blood cell precursors. The problem begins in the bone marrow, where mutations in haematopoietic stem or progenitor cells allow one clone to escape normal checks on growth and differentiation.
While the term leukaemia may sound singular, it actually encompasses a group of distinct diseases, each with its own biological behaviour, clinical features, and management principles. Chronic and acute leukemias are completely different diseases, and they progress at different speeds.
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Over time — sometimes over days, sometimes years — these abnormal cells crowd out normal blood production, leading to anaemia, immunosuppression, and bleeding. Clinical presentations vary depending on which blood line is affected and how fast the disease progresses.
Clinical Scenarios: Anaemia Case Quiz
Apply your understanding of MCV classification, pathophysiology, and lab interpretation to answer these anaemia questions. Choose the best answer for each case, then check your score and review the explanations.
Anaemia is one of the most frequently encountered clinical problems, yet its underlying mechanisms are diverse. Defined as a reduction in haemoglobin concentration, red blood cell (RBC) count, or haematocrit below normal for age and sex, anaemia reflects a failure of oxygen delivery rather than a singular disease.
Please select the most appropriate option for each question. Once you submit your choices, the correct answers will be revealed to you. You can attempt the quiz as many times as you'd like.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) consists of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)—two chronic, immune-mediated disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. While their clinical presentations may overlap, their underlying mechanisms, immune responses, and structural involvement differ significantly.
The lower gastrointestinal (GIT) tract plays a critical role in nutrient absorption, fluid balance, and waste excretion. It includes the small intestine (jejunum, ileum), large intestine (colon), rectum, and anus—each with unique structural and functional adaptations that optimise digestion and absorption.
Please select the most appropriate option for each question. Once you submit your choices, the correct answers will be revealed to you. You can attempt the quiz as many times as you'd like.
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Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterised by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), which target phospholipid-binding proteins involved in coagulation. These antibodies disrupt normal endothelial function, leading to hypercoagulability and an increased risk of thrombosis.
A 28-year-old woman presents with fatigue, weight loss, photosensitivity, and joint pain. She reports a previous episode of pleuritic chest pain and oral ulcers. Examination reveals a malar rash, mild peripheral oedema, and tenderness in multiple small joints. Laboratory investigations show proteinuria (2.5g/day), haematuria, low complement levels, and strongly positive Anti-nuclear antibodies and anti-dsDNA antibodies.
Please select the most appropriate option for each question. Once you submit your choices, the correct answers will be revealed to you. You can attempt the quiz as many times as you'd like.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by multisystem involvement and a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. It primarily affects young women and can manifest with diverse clinical symptoms, ranging from mild cutaneous involvement to life-threatening organ damage. Understanding its pathophysiology is crucial for developing targeted therapies and improving patient outcomes.
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The answer lies in how your brain processes and encodes new material. Note-taking isn’t just about capturing information—it’s about engaging with it in ways that enhance understanding and memory. The method you use matters more than you might think.
Let’s explore the science behind different note-taking strategies and active learning techniques that can help strengthen retention, improve comprehension, and boost recall.
Measles cases in the US are now over 1,000 cases across 30 states. 3 people have died in this outbreak and 130 have been hospitalised. And it is not slowing down.
There is currently much discussion about measles worldwide, and most of you will have never seen a case of it - but that certainly doesn't mean you can ignore it. Do so at your peril!
A 55-year-old man presents with persistent heartburn, bloating, and occasional regurgitation, worsening after meals and at night. He has a history of NSAID use for osteoarthritis and was recently diagnosed with erosive oesophagitis. His doctor prescribes esomeprazole (a proton pump inhibitor) for symptom control.
Please select the most appropriate option for each question. Once you submit your choices, the correct answers will be revealed to you. You can attempt the quiz as many times as you'd like.
The digestive system functions as a well-orchestrated biochemical network, where secretions from various cell types work in harmony to break down food, absorb nutrients, and regulate gastrointestinal function.
From parietal cells producing hydrochloric acid (HCl) to pancreatic acinar cells secreting digestive enzymes, each step of digestion stimulates and modulates the next, ensuring efficient processing of nutrients.
The immune system functions as a highly selective defence network, recognising foreign pathogens while preserving self-tolerance to avoid attacking the body’s own tissues. This balance is essential for immune homeostasis—but when tolerance mechanisms break down, autoimmune diseases develop, causing chronic inflammation and tissue destruction.
Understanding how immune tolerance is established, maintained, and eventually fails provides critical insight into the pathophysiology of autoimmunity.
It's the beginning of "OSCE season" at UOW and for the next 2 months we will be evaluating the clinical skills of our medical students in these high stakes assessments. Clinical exams, especially OSCEs, challenge more than just knowledge—they also can test your ability to think under pressure, communicate effectively, and maintain composure in high-stress scenarios. They require students to perform procedures and demonstrate clinical skills, interact dynamically with patients, and showcase medical understanding along with confidence, competence and professionalism.
However, the pressure of being watched, the fear of forgetting key details, and the worry of making clinical errors can all contribute to performance anxiety. But the good news? These feelings are normal—and entirely manageable with the right approach.
Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) is a gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacterium that resides in the gastric mucosa, affecting nearly half the global population. While many infections remain asymptomatic, H. pylori is a key driver of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and even gastric cancer.
Haemostasis is the body's finely tuned process of maintaining blood flow while preventing excessive bleeding or clot formation. It operates through a delicate equilibrium of pro-coagulant and anti-coagulant proteins, ensuring that blood remains fluid under normal conditions but can rapidly clot when injury occurs.
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) occurs due to chronic reflux of gastric contents into the oesophagus, leading to mucosal irritation, inflammation, and potential long-term complications.
Mental health is shaped by far more than individual choices or biology—it’s profoundly influenced by the social determinants of health. 🧠🌏
The upper GI tract plays a pivotal role in digestion, absorption, and gastrointestinal regulation. A thorough understanding of its anatomy and physiology is essential for diagnosing conditions ranging from GORD to pernicious anaemia.
