Dehydration is a common but potentially serious clinical condition that reflects a failure of the body to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance — a core example of disrupted homeostasis.
Even small fluid deficits can impair circulation, organ perfusion, and cellular function, particularly in infants, older adults, and unwell patients.
Water is essential for life, and maintaining fluid balance is a core component of homeostasis. The body works continuously to keep its internal environment stable, but illness, exertion, heat exposure, or inadequate intake can quickly disrupt this balance.
Dehydration exists on a spectrum — from mild physiological stress to life-threatening hypovolaemic shock — with progressively worsening signs and symptoms as circulating volume falls.
No matter where you are up to in your training, anatomical terminology is the foundation of precise communication in medicine.
Instead of saying “towards the head” or “away from the body”, clinicians use standardised terms that mean the same thing to everyone — in any hospital, clinic, or country.
This shared language eliminates ambiguity and reduces the risk of miscommunication.
Vital signs provide immediate, objective insights into a patient’s physiological status and are often the earliest indicators of deterioration or underlying pathology. As healthcare professionals, accurate measurement and interpretation of these parameters is essential for guiding assessment and clinical decision-making.
Underneath every diagnosis is a simple, powerful question:
What has disrupted the body’s ability to maintain balance?
That balance is called homeostasis.
The answer lies in how your brain processes and encodes new material. Note-taking isn’t just about capturing information—it’s about engaging with it in ways that enhance understanding and memory. The method you use matters more than you might think.
Let’s explore the science behind different note-taking strategies and active learning techniques that can help strengthen retention, improve comprehension, and boost recall.
Cells are the fundamental units of life, forming the structural and functional basis of all living organisms. In the human body, they are highly specialised, working collectively to maintain homeostasis, metabolism, communication, and survival.
When cells are exposed to physiological stress — such as dehydration, heat, or reduced oxygen availability — their ability to maintain normal function can be compromised. Understanding how cells are structured and how they function provides a foundation for understanding disease, and for the physiology, pathology, and pharmacology you will encounter throughout the course.
